DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Kompetensi:
* Siswa dapat mengidentifikasikan makna gagasan dalam wacana: gagasan utama, informasi faktual, informasi rinci, makna kata, frasa, dan kalimat
* Siswa dapat menggunakan dengan tepat: kalimat bentuk simple present tense, descriptive adjectives , huruf ejaan, dan tanda baca.
* Siswa dapat menggunakan berbagai sub keterampilan dalam membaca.
* Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi langkah retorika teks berbentuk descriptive.

Materi ini menjelaskan tentang teks descriptive , yaitu teks yang mempunyai ciri kebahasaan ( grammar ) menggunakan kalimat Present Tense dan mempunyai langkah retorika yaitu Identification-Description serta mempunyai fungsi sosial ( social function ) untuk menggambarkan manusia maupun suatu benda secara mendetail, ( to describe parts, qualities and characteristics ).

Materi ini dilengkapi dengan latihan dan tes yang cukup banyak dan bervariasi sehingga siswa dapat memperoleh kesempatan berlatih yang cukup banyak tentang penggunaan Present Tense and adjectives dalam kaitannya dengan teks descriptive.

Key words:
descriptive text, identification- description, present tense, adjective

Descriptive Text

Descriptive is to describe a particular person, place or thing. It means you describe their colors, shapes, sizes, weight, height, width, density, contents, and so on. In writing the text, you use the Simple Present Tense.

The structure of the text is:

* Identification : identifies phenomenon to be described.
* Description : describes parts, qualities and characteristics

Reading Comprehension

Grammar Present Tense

Remember the patterns of Present Tense with be : statements, subject pronouns

How do you get information?

1. We use the Simple Present to talk about things in general , or something happens all the time or repeatedly, or something is true in general . It is not important whether the action is happening at the time of speaking or not.

Grammar Present Tense

THE SIMPE PRESENT TENSE : POSITIVE
Positive:
I + Verb + Object / Complement
We
You
They
He + Verb using - s/ -es + Object / Complement
She
It

Time Signal (ts) = every ..................

For the example :
I eat breakfast every morning
S + Verb + O/C + ts
She follows an English course every Saturday
S + Verb (s/es) + O/C + ts

Am, are and is as the three forms of the verb be are in the Simple Present Tense . Contractions between subject pronouns and am, are , and is appear in informal usage. A contraction always contains an apostrophe (‘), which represents the omitted missing letter.

Grammar Present Tense

2. The verb after she, he, it (3 rd person singular) has a final -s

PRESENT TENSE USING ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY : ALWAYS, USUALLY, OFTEN, SOMETIMES, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER

Adverbs of frequency come between the subject and the Simple Present verb :
Subject + Always + Verb
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Seldom
Never

Adverbs of frequency sometimes come either at the beginning or at the end of a sentence.

For examples:

* Sometimes I get up at 7:00

* I sometimes get up at 7:00

* I get up at 7:00 sometimes

Examples:

* Pesta always comes to class on time.

* Liana usually comes to class.

* We often watch TV at night.

* I sometimes drink juice at dinner.

* I seldom go to movies.

* Robert rarely makes a mistake.

* I never eat fresh peaches.

Grammar Present Tense

How do you ask questions?

1. The Simple Present Tense: Yes/ No questions

Is the animal rare?

Are those animals tame?

Does the giraffe eat leaves?

Do the penguins live in the South Pole?

2. The Simple Present: Asking Questions with what, where

What is a zebra like?

What does he look like?

Where does Pesta live?


Order of descriptive adjectives

Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together:

Pesta lives in a nice new house.

In the kitchen there was a beautiful large round wooden table

Adjectives like new/large/round/wooden are fact adjectives . They gives us objective information about something ( age, size, color, etc ). Adjectives like nice/beautiful are opinion adjectives . They tell us what someone thinks of something. Opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives. Examples are as follows:

Evaluation/Opinion
* Good
* Bad
* Ugly
* Interesting
* Nice
* Intelligent

Appearance
Size/measure

* Big
* Small

Shape

* Round
* Square
* Triangular

Condition

* Chipped
* Broken
* Rotten

Age
* Old
* Young
* New
* Antique

Color
* Red
* Green
* Blue
* Bright green
* Dark blue
* Deep purple

Origin
Geographical

* French
* Italian
* Japanese

Material

* Wooden
* Vegetable
* Cotton
* Brass

Grammar Comparison

Remember the patterns of Comparison:
1. When you describe people, animals or things, you use adjectives. Sometimes there are two or more adjectives. We put the adjectives in this order.
2. When we use adjectives to compare two people, animals or things, we use the following pattern:

We use –er for the comparative degree of short adjectives. We use –er with one-syllable adjective and some two-syllable adjectives. For examples:

* Big-bigger,

* hot-hotter,

* clever-cleverer,

* easy-easier,

* busy-busier,

* funny-funnier, and

* lucky-luckier .

We use more in front of adjectives that have two or more syllables, (except adjectives that end in –y) . For example: interesting-more interesting, beautiful-more beautiful, difficult-more difficult.

3. We use –est to form the superlative degree of the adjectives. In general, we use –est for shorter words with some two-syllable adjectives. For example: long-the longest, hot-the hottest, easy-the easiest and hard-the hardest.

We use most for the long words with three-syllable adjectives. For example: most carefully, most comfortable.